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Recovery

From Whonix


Recovery312123.jpg

Recovery Mode[edit]

Info Non-Qubes-Whonix only.

If an error occurs that prevents Whonix ™ from booting, it is possible to try and boot Whonix ™ in recovery mode to fix the problem. It is advisable to learn how to use recovery mode while everything is still functional in case of future issues.

  1. After powering on a Non-Qubes-Whonix VM, you will see the virtual BIOS for a second, then the grub boot menu. The grub boot menu is easily identified by the first line of text which begins with GNU GRUB.
  2. Use the arrow keys to navigate and select Advanced Options for Whonix ™ GNU/Linux.
  3. Press Enter.
  4. Choose the second option which at the end displays (recovery mode).
  5. Press Enter.
  6. Somewhere in the output, a message similar to the following will appear (it might be entangled with other debug output):

    Give root password for maintenance (Or press control + d to continue):

  7. Enter the root password.
  8. While typing, no asterisk symbols (*) will appear; the password must be typed "blind". [1]
  9. Press Enter.
  10. The default keyboard layout will be en-US. To change this setting, see: Keyboard Layout.
  11. Enter exit to continue booting or poweroff or reboot.

TODO: Explore whether networking is possible and how to transfer files out of the VM.

Virtual Consoles[edit]

An easier and more lightweight solution as alternative to recovery mode might be virtual consoles. If the graphical user interface is no longer starting, login to a virtual console might still be possible.

1. Prerequisite knowledge: Virtual Consoles.

2. Try to login in a virtual console in a different, still functional VM (virtual machine) as an exercise.

3. If that works, try login to virtual console in the broken VM.

Hard Drive Recovery[edit]

If no data needs be recovered, a complete re-installation might be easier.

If the host got unbootable due to hard drive issues:

  1. Damage control. Stop using the hard drive. This is because further use might add further damage.
  2. Make a full 1:1 raw clone of the hard drive.
  3. Data recovery. Unspecific to Whonix ™.

If a VM got unbootable due to hard drive issues:

Stop using the VM. This is because further use might add further damage.

  1. Create a full raw copy of the hard drive.
  2. Make a full 1:1 raw clone of the VM.
  3. Data recovery. Unspecific to Whonix ™.

Unlock User Account: Excessive Wrong Password Entry Attempts[edit]

See: Unlock User Account: Excessive Wrong Password Entry Attempts.

Chroot[edit]

If an error occurs that prevents Whonix ™ from booting, it is possible to chroot [archive] into Whonix ™ from a live CD to fix the problem.

A disk image must be downloaded for this purpose -- Debian Live images [archive] or Archiso [archive] are useful options for this procedure.

Virtualbox[edit]

In Virtualbox, navigate to the VM storage settings. At the second controller, click the optical disk icon and add the disk image.

In the Motherboard settings, move the Optical disk component to the top of the boot order, press OK and start the VM.

KVM[edit]

In virt-manager, click on the VM, click the settings icon at the top and click "Add Hardware". In "Storage", change the device type to "CDROM device" and add the disk image. Click "Finish" and at the boot options setting, move the CDROM to the top of the boot order.

Qubes-Whonix[edit]

This procedure is undocumented and unspecific to Whonix ™. See unspecific.

Booting into the Live CD[edit]

After booting into the Live CD, follow these steps.

1. List the available drives and partitions. 

fdisk -l

2. Mount the partition. 

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

Replace "/dev/sda1" with the drive partition name.

3. Chroot into the partition. 

chroot /mnt /bin/bash

4. Optional: If the PATH variable is incorrect, it can be fixed with the following command. 

source /etc/profile

Serial Console[edit]

VirtualBox[edit]

Preparation[edit]

Host Preparation[edit]

Install socat on the host operating system. The following steps apply to Linux distributions.

Install socat.

1. Update the package lists. 

sudo apt-get update

2. Upgrade the system. 

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3. Install the socat package.

Using apt-get command line parameter --no-install-recommends is in most cases optional. 

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends socat

The procedure of installing socat is complete.

Windows and macOS hosts: Undocumented, but should also work in theory. It is advised to research these using a non-Whonix VM such as Debian bullseye and learn it in a generic way which could then also be applied to Whonix ™.

VM Preparation[edit]

Inside the Whonix ™ virtual machine where you want to enable the serial console, install the serial-console-enable package.

Install serial-console-enable.

1. Update the package lists. 

sudo apt-get update

2. Upgrade the system. 

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3. Install the serial-console-enable package.

Using apt-get command line parameter --no-install-recommends is in most cases optional. 

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends serial-console-enable

The procedure of installing serial-console-enable is complete.

(Installed by default would be nice but it is not installed by default due to issue. TODO: add reference)

Read Only Serial Console[edit]

This option is very useful for capturing diagnostic output from a virtual machine. It allows a log of everything written to the kernel console to be obtained -- all console output is written to a plain text file from boot until shutdown. The logfile persists after VM shutdown, but is overwritten after the VM is shutdown and powered on again.

1. Enable the serial ports option.

Whonix-Workstation VM settings → Serial Ports → Tick enable

Configure the following settings:

  • Port Number: COM1 (default)
  • Port Mode: Raw File
  • Path/Address: /home/user/vbox-raw-file

2. View the file with a text editor.

Any text editor can be used for this purpose. For example to view the file with mousepad, run. 

mousepad /home/user/vbox-raw-file

3. Optional: View the file as it is being appended to from a terminal emulator.

The logfile is also compatible with other standard linux utlitites such as tail. To view it as it is being written, run. 

tail -f /home/user/vbox-raw-file

4. Retain the file contents.

After VM shutdown it may be useful to retain its contents by copying the vbox-raw-file elsewhere to make it a persistent log file. If this is desirable, run. 

cp /home/user/vbox-raw-file /home/user/vbox-console-log

Interactive Serial Console[edit]

This procedure does not yet work during the grub boot menu.

1. Enable serial ports on the host.

Whonix-Workstation VM settings → Serial Ports → Tick enable

Configure the following settings:

  • Port Number: COM1 (default)
  • Port Mode: Host Pipe
  • Option: uncheck Connect to existing pipe/socket
  • Path/Address: /home/user/vbox-socket-file

[2] [3]

2. Connect to the relevant unix domain socket file.

On the host, run the following socat command to connect to the unix domain socket file which is connected to the operating system running inside the virtual machine. [4] 

socat - UNIX-CONNECT:/home/user/vbox-socket-file

Depending on when the above command is run, nothing might appear. The reason is an interactive serial console will only show messages once connected to the serial console; old messages cannot be viewed that way. If the above command is run during early boot, then verbose messages will appear during boot. However, if you press Enter that should result in the virtual console asking for authentication.

3. Log in to the Whonix ™ session.

Press Enter. The following prompt will appear. 

host login:

Do not enter your host login username! Enter your Whonix ™ user login name, which is most likely user. Press Enter. The following prompt will appear. 

Password:

Enter the password for that user account; see Default Passwords. Press Enter.

Warning: the password will not be hidden by asterisk ("*") symbols. In other words, the password will be written in cleartext and could be read by anyone looking over your shoulder.

Also note that root logins are not possible by default.

Forum Discussion[edit]

https://forums.whonix.org/t/serial-console-in-virtualbox/8021 [archive]

KVM[edit]

See KVM, serial console.

See Also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ↑ See also: Whonix Default Passwords.
  2. ↑ If an error like the following appears. 
    Failed to open a session for the virtual machine Whonix-Gateway-XFCE_15.0.0.4.9.

    NamedPipe#0 failed to connect to local socket /home/user/vbox-socket-file (VERR_FILE_NOT_FOUND).

    Result Code: NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005)
Component: ConsoleWrap
Interface: IConsole {872da645-4a9b-1727-bee2-5585105b9eed}

    Then you must uncheck Connect to existing pipe/socket.

  3. ↑ 
    vboxmanage modifyvm Whonix-Gateway-XFCE --uart1 0x3F8 4 --uartmode1=server /home/user/vbox-socket-file-gw

    vboxmanage modifyvm Whonix-Workstation-XFCE --uart1 0x3F8 4 --uartmode1=server /home/user/vbox-socket-file-ws

  4. ↑ 
    socat - UNIX-CONNECT:/home/user/vbox-socket-file-gw

    socat - UNIX-CONNECT:/home/user/vbox-socket-file-ws

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