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HowTo: Install the Stable Version of Qubes-Whonix ™ 15

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Installation[edit]

Remove Old Versions[edit]

Info Note: If Qubes-Whonix ™ 14 is installed and you want to get Qubes-Whonix ™ 15, there is no need to uninstall Qubes-Whonix ™ before proceeding. [1] In other words, in that case the remaining text below in this very section (Remove Old Versions) can be ignored.

If you are already running any version of Qubes-Whonix ™, it must be uninstalled before a complete (re-)installation is performed. This applies to those who:

Before re-installation, back up any existing data stored in Whonix VMs.

In summary, three options are available (listed in order of preference):

  1. Uninstall Qubes-Whonix ™ and then Install Qubes-Whonix ™; OR
  2. Reinstall the Whonix TemplateVM; OR
  3. Upgrade Whonix 14 to 15

Update dom0[edit]

Launch a dom0 terminal.
Click the Qubes App Launcher (blue/grey "Q") → Open the Terminal Emulator (Xfce Terminal)

Qubes-whonix1.png

Upgrade Qubes dom0. This step is mandatory. [2] 

sudo qubes-dom0-update

Adjust Whonix Version Number[edit]

This step can be skipped on Qubes 4.0.2 and above when installing Whonix ™ 15.

1. In dom0 open file whonix.jinja with root rights. [3] 

sudo nano /srv/formulas/base/virtual-machines-formula/qvm/whonix.jinja

2. Change 14 to 15.

3. Save the file.

Please report if this step was necessary for you!

Download Whonix ™ Templates and Configure sys-whonix and anon-whonix[edit]

Ambox warning pn.svg.png Before executing the call in this section, note it can take a long time to finish. Fast Internet connections take only a few minutes, while slow connections can take twenty minutes or more (it is far slower over Tor). No progress indicator is shown, so do not interrupt the salt process once it has started or this can lead to an unstable system [archive]. [4]

The following qubesctl command [5] will:

  1. Download both Whonix-Gateway ™ and Whonix-Workstation ™ TemplateVMs.
  2. Configure sys-whonix and anon-whonix safely. [6]

In dom0, run. 

sudo qubesctl state.sls qvm.anon-whonix

Refer to the footnotes for troubleshooting tips. [7] [8] [9]

Optional Steps[edit]

Whonix ™ DisposableVM Template VM[edit]

In Qubes R4 and above a whonix-ws-15-dvm DisposableVM Template can optionally be set up as a base for Disposable VMs. [10]

In dom0, run. 

sudo qubesctl state.sls qvm.whonix-ws-dvm

Updates over Tor[edit]

TemplateVMs[edit]

To force all TemplateVM updates over Tor, [11] use salt in dom0. 

sudo qubesctl state.sls qvm.updates-via-whonix

To undo this setting, modify /etc/qubes-rpc/policy/qubes.UpdatesProxy in dom0. [12] See also How-to: Fix dom0 Qubes-Whonix ™ UpdatesProxy Settings.

dom0[edit]

To force dom0 updates over Tor, set Qubes' dom0 UpdateVM to sys-whonix. [13]

Qube Manager → System → Global Settings → Dom0 UpdateVM: sys-whonix → OK

To revert this change, set Qubes' dom0 UpdateVM to sys-firewall or another preferred VM. [14]

Qubes Manager → System → Global Settings → Dom0 UpdateVM: sys-firewall → OK

Enable AppArmor[edit]

If you are interested, click on Expand on the right.

The following steps should be completed in dom0 for both whonix-gw-15 and whonix-ws-15 TemplateVMs. [15] After these settings are applied to the Whonix ™ templates, the sys-whonix (ProxyVM) and anon-whonix (AppVM) will inherit the AppArmor kernel settings.

It is unnecessary to recreate the sys-whonix and anon-whonix TemplateBasedVMs to benefit from the new kernel parameters.[16] It is also important to verify AppArmor is active in the sys-whonix and anon-whonix VMs after making these changes.

Whonix-Gateway ™[edit]

1. Open a dom0 terminal.

Qubes App Launcher (blue/grey "Q") → System Tools → Xfce Terminal

2. List the current kernel parameters. 

qvm-prefs -g whonix-gw-15 kernelopts

Qubes R4 and later releases will show.

nopat

3. Keep the existing kernel parameters and add apparmor=1 security=apparmor.

For example. 

qvm-prefs -s whonix-gw-15 kernelopts "nopat apparmor=1 security=apparmor"

qvm-prefs -s sys-whonix kernelopts "nopat apparmor=1 security=apparmor"

4. List the current kernel parameters again (hit the up arrow key twice; it is unnecessary to type the command again). 

qvm-prefs -g whonix-gw-15 kernelopts

The output should show AppArmor is part of the new kernel parameters. For example.

nopat apparmor=1 security=apparmor

5. Start the sys-whonix ProxyVM and confirm AppArmor is now active. 

sudo aa-status --enabled ; echo $?

The output should show.

0

Whonix-Workstation ™[edit]

1. Open a dom0 terminal.

Qubes App Launcher (blue/grey "Q") → System Tools → Xfce Terminal

2. List the current kernel parameters. 

qvm-prefs -g whonix-ws-15 kernelopts

Qubes R4 and later releases will show.

nopat

3. Keep the existing kernel parameters and add apparmor=1 security=apparmor.

For example. 

qvm-prefs -s whonix-ws-15 kernelopts "nopat apparmor=1 security=apparmor"

qvm-prefs -s anon-whonix kernelopts "nopat apparmor=1 security=apparmor"

4. List the current kernel parameters again (hit the up arrow key twice; it is unnecessary to type the command again). 

qvm-prefs -g whonix-ws-15 kernelopts

The output should show AppArmor is part of the new kernel parameters. For example.

nopat apparmor=1 security=apparmor

5. Start the anon-whonix AppVM and confirm AppArmor is now active. 

sudo aa-status --enabled ; echo $?

The output should show.

0

Update and Launch Applications[edit]

Before starting applications in the Whonix-Workstation ™ AppVM, update both Whonix-Gateway ™ and Whonix-Workstation ™ TemplateVMs.

To launch an application like Tor Browser:

Qubes App Launcher (blue/grey "Q") → Domain: anon-whonix → Tor Browser (AnonDist)

Additional Information[edit]

Warnings[edit]

Whonix first time users warning Warning:

  • If you do not know what metadata or a man-in-the-middle attack is.
  • If you think nobody can eavesdrop on your communications because you are using Tor.
  • If you have no idea how Whonix works.

Then read the Design and Goals, Whonix ™ and Tor Limitations and Tips on Remaining Anonymous pages to decide whether Whonix is the right tool for you based on its limitations.

It is recommended to refer to these additional references:

Reinstallation Errors[edit]

In Qubes R4.0, after uninstalling old Whonix ™ templates and attempting reinstallation via: 

[user@dom0 ~]$ sudo qubesctl state.sls qvm.anon-whonix

The result is. 

'state.sls' is not available.
DOM0 configuration failed, not continuing

The solution is to restart Qubes after uninstalling old Whonix ™ versions.

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ↑ This is because the name of the TemplateVMs changed from:
    • whonix-gw-14 to whonix-gw-15
    • whonix-ws-14 to whonix-ws-15
  2. ↑
  3. ↑
  4. ↑ add salt download progress indicator [archive]
  5. ↑
  6. ↑
  7. ↑ If an error message appears stating that qubesctl does not exist or the command is not recognized, then it is necessary to enable the testing repository and install salt. 
    sudo qubes-dom0-update --best --allowerasing --enablerepo=qubes-dom0-current-testing qubes-mgmt-salt-dom0-virtual-machines

    Please report if this step was necessary for you!

  8. ↑ Sometimes the Qubes Community Templates repository must also be enabled by editing Qubes' dom0 repository definition files.

    In dom0.

    1. Open file /etc/yum.repos.d/qubes-templates.repo with root rights. 

    sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/qubes-templates.repo

    2. In section [qubes-templates-community] set 

    enabled = 1

    3. Save.

    Please report if step this was necessary for you!

  9. ↑ If qubesctl still does not work, try shutting down Qubes OS and rebooting the machine. Please report if this step was necessary for you!
  10. ↑ https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-mgmt-salt-dom0-virtual-machines/blob/master/qvm/whonix-ws-15-dvm.sls [archive]
  11. ↑
  12. ↑ https://groups.google.com/forum/?_escaped_fragment_=topic/qubes-users/_jI2uWPPMMA#!topic/qubes-users/_jI2uWPPMMA [archive]
  13. ↑ Or manually set the torified UpdateVM in dom0 terminal. 
    qubes-prefs updatevm sys-whonix

  14. ↑ To revert this change in dom0 terminal, run. 
    qubes-prefs updatevm sys-firewall

  15. ↑ While Debian has enabled AppArmor by default since the buster release, Fedora has not. This matters since Qubes, which is Fedora based, by default uses the dom0 (not VM) kernel. Therefore this is still required even though Whonix ™ is based on a recent enough Debian version.
  16. ↑ Since Qubes R3.0, TemplateBasedVMs inherit the kernelopts setting of their TemplateVM [archive].
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