Testers only!

Introduction[edit]

Whonix ™ needs at least two systems. One running Tor, Whonix-Gateway ™. The other running clients that are routed through Tor, Whonix-Workstation ™. This ensures the highest possible security and isolation. We can implement this using different strategies: Two VMs (Gateway VM and Workstation VM) or bare metal.

A different approach is to run Tor and applications all on the same machine. This can be either a VM or bare metal host.

This site will guide you through all required steps to set up a UniStation. A machine which routes all traffic through the Tor anonymity network. This is an implementation of a Tor TransparentProxy ^[archive].

Advantages:

Only one machine required.
Lower system requirements.

Disadvantages:

More difficult to install.
User might have to set the network interface setting.
If using VMs: Guest VM can see MAC address of host?
Less secure than Whonix ™ with Whonix-Gateway ™ and Whonix-Workstation ™.
This is not as well polished, developed and thought through as Whonix ™ yet.
Enhancements that come with Whonix-Workstation ™ such as:
- Tor Browser
- anon-apps-config ^[archive]
- whonixcheck
- Whonix Live
- kloak
- LKRG
- tirdad ^[archive]
- AppArmor
- Anon Connection Wizard
- sdwdate-gui
- open-link-confirmation ^[archive]
- Bridges usability, Documentation
- and maybe others ^[archive]
have not been considered yet.
This will potentially not be maintained as well as Whonix ™.

Prerequisites[edit]

Debian buster installed.
User account user exists.

Become root. ^[1]

su

su

Install sudo and adduser.

Install sudo adduser.

1. Update the package lists.

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get update

2. Upgrade the system.

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3. Install the sudo adduser package.

Using apt-get command line parameter --no-install-recommends is in most cases optional.

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends sudo adduser

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends sudo adduser

The procedure of installing sudo adduser is complete.

The following commands need to be run either by root or use sudo.

Create group console.

addgroup --system console

addgroup --system console

Add user user to group console.

adduser user console

adduser user console

Add user user to group sudo.

adduser user sudo

adduser user sudo

Reboot.

reboot

reboot

Installation[edit]

Packages[edit]

Install gnupg. ^[2]

sudo apt install gnupg

sudo apt install gnupg

Complete the following steps to add the Whonix Signing Key to the system's APT keyring. ^[3]

Open a terminal.

Install curl, gpg, gpg-agent. ^[4]

Install curl gpg gpg-agent --no-install-recommends.

1. Update the package lists.

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get update

2. Upgrade the system.

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3. Install the curl gpg gpg-agent --no-install-recommends package.

Using apt-get command line parameter --no-install-recommends is in most cases optional.

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends curl gpg gpg-agent --no-install-recommends

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends curl gpg gpg-agent --no-install-recommends

The procedure of installing curl gpg gpg-agent --no-install-recommends is complete.

Download Whonix Signing Key. ^[5]

If you are using a Qubes TemplateVM, run.

curl --proxy http://127.0.0.1:8082/ --tlsv1.2 --proto =https --max-time 180 --output ~/patrick.asc https://www.whonix.org/patrick.asc

curl --proxy http://127.0.0.1:8082/ --tlsv1.2 --proto =https --max-time 180 --output ~/patrick.asc https://www.whonix.org/patrick.asc

If you are using Debian, run.

curl --tlsv1.2 --proto =https --max-time 180 --output ~/patrick.asc https://www.whonix.org/patrick.asc

curl --tlsv1.2 --proto =https --max-time 180 --output ~/patrick.asc https://www.whonix.org/patrick.asc

Users can check Whonix Signing Key for better security.

Add Whonix signing key to APT trusted keys.

sudo apt-key --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/whonix.gpg add ~/patrick.asc

sudo apt-key --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/whonix.gpg add ~/patrick.asc

The procedure of adding Whonix signing key is now complete.

Add Whonix ™ Repository.

Choose either: Option A, Option B OR Option C.

Option A: Add Whonix ™ Onion Repository.

To add Whonix ™ Repository over Onion please press on expand on the right.

Install apt-transport-tor from the Debian repository.

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-tor

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-tor

Add Whonix's APT repository for default Whonix using Debian stable. At the time of writing this was buster.

echo "deb tor+http://deb.dds6qkxpwdeubwucdiaord2xgbbeyds25rbsgr73tbfpqpt4a6vjwsyd.onion buster main contrib non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/whonix.list

echo "deb tor+http://deb.dds6qkxpwdeubwucdiaord2xgbbeyds25rbsgr73tbfpqpt4a6vjwsyd.onion buster main contrib non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/whonix.list

Option B: Add Whonix ™ Clearnet Repository over Tor.

To add Whonix ™ Repository over torified clearnet please press on expand on the right.

Install apt-transport-tor from the Debian repository.

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-tor

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-tor

Add Whonix's APT repository for default Whonix using Debian stable. At the time of writing this was buster.

echo "deb tor+https://deb.Whonix.org buster main contrib non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/whonix.list

echo "deb tor+https://deb.Whonix.org buster main contrib non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/whonix.list

Option C: Add Whonix Clearnet Repository over clearnet.

To add Whonix ™ Repository over clearnet please press on expand on the right.

Add Whonix's APT repository for default Whonix using Debian stable. At the time of writing this was buster.

echo "deb https://deb.Whonix.org buster main contrib non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/whonix.list

echo "deb https://deb.Whonix.org buster main contrib non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/whonix.list

Install usability-misc.

1. Update the package lists.

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get update

2. Upgrade the system.

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3. Install the usability-misc package.

Using apt-get command line parameter --no-install-recommends is in most cases optional.

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends usability-misc

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends usability-misc

The procedure of installing usability-misc is complete.

^[6]

sudo apt-get-noninteractive install --no-install-recommends kicksecure-cli whonix-firewall uwt anon-gw-dns-conf ipv4-forward-disable ipv6-disable

sudo apt-get-noninteractive install --no-install-recommends kicksecure-cli whonix-firewall uwt anon-gw-dns-conf ipv4-forward-disable ipv6-disable

Update: Packages anon-gw-dns-conf, ipv4-forward-disable, ipv6-disable are deprecated (merged into anon-gw-anonymizer-config) in Whonix developers repository (upcoming stable) but these packages are so trivial that the 1 config file per package can be manually set up.

Firewall Settings[edit]

Find out your network interface name. You can learn about what interfaces you have by running.

sudo ifconfig

sudo ifconfig

Edit /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf.

sudoedit /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf

sudoedit /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf

Paste.

You might have to change #EXT_IF="eth0" by removing the hash # in front of it and by setting it to the name of your network interface such as wlan0. I.e. the full line might look like this: EXT_IF="wlan0" Include it with the to be pasted text below. ^[7]

## 0: disabled
## 1: enabled

## External interface
## defaults to:
#EXT_IF="eth0"

WORKSTATION_TRANSPARENT_TCP=0
WORKSTATION_TRANSPARENT_UDP=0
WORKSTATION_TRANSPARENT_DNS=0
WORKSTATION_ALLOW_SOCKSIFIED=0
CONTROL_PORT_FILTER_PROXY_ENABLE=0

GATEWAY_TRANSPARENT_TCP=1
GATEWAY_TRANSPARENT_UDP=0
GATEWAY_TRANSPARENT_DNS=1
GATEWAY_ALLOW_INCOMING_ICMP=0

## 0: disabled
## 1: enabled

## External interface
## defaults to:
#EXT_IF="eth0"

WORKSTATION_TRANSPARENT_TCP=0
WORKSTATION_TRANSPARENT_UDP=0
WORKSTATION_TRANSPARENT_DNS=0
WORKSTATION_ALLOW_SOCKSIFIED=0
CONTROL_PORT_FILTER_PROXY_ENABLE=0

GATEWAY_TRANSPARENT_TCP=1
GATEWAY_TRANSPARENT_UDP=0
GATEWAY_TRANSPARENT_DNS=1
GATEWAY_ALLOW_INCOMING_ICMP=0

If you want port 22 to open for incoming SSH, also paste:

GATEWAY_ALLOW_INCOMING_SSH=1

GATEWAY_ALLOW_INCOMING_SSH=1

Save.

Qubes[edit]

Qubes only. Does not hurt otherwise.

sudo systemctl mask qubes-iptables

sudo systemctl mask qubes-iptables

Qubes Debian based VMs would require further /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf modifications. See footnote. ^[8]

torsocks[edit]

torsocks config not required. uwt sets that up for us.

Tor Configuration[edit]

Open Tor configuration file /etc/tor/torrc with root rights.

sudoedit /etc/tor/torrc

sudoedit /etc/tor/torrc

Paste. ^[9]

TransPort 127.0.0.1:9041
DnsPort 127.0.0.1:5400
DisableNetwork 0

TransPort 127.0.0.1:9041
DnsPort 127.0.0.1:5400
DisableNetwork 0

Save.

Restart Tor.

sudo systemctl restart tor

sudo systemctl restart tor

APT[edit]

Check if there is something you need in /etc/apt/sources.list.

Move original /etc/apt/sources.list out of the way because /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.list by Kicksecure ™ replaces it.

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list ~/

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list ~/

Reboot[edit]

Reboot required.

sudo reboot

sudo reboot

Usage[edit]

check sdwdate[edit]

sudo systemctl status sdwdate --no-pager

sudo systemctl status sdwdate --no-pager

Updates[edit]

Update as per usual. See also Operating System Software and Updates.

Thanks to uwt ^[archive] it is stream isolated (using Tor SocksPort). No need to use torsocks. uwt uses torsocks which is configued to use IsolatePID 1.

sudo apt update

sudo apt update

Transparent DNS Functional[edit]

nslookup torproject.org

nslookup torproject.org

Server:		127.0.0.1
Address:	127.0.0.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:	torproject.org
Address: 95.216.163.36
** server can't find torproject.org: NXDOMAIN

Transparent DNS Functional[edit]

cd /tmp

cd /tmp

wget.anondist-orig torproject.org

wget.anondist-orig torproject.org

--2019-12-10 12:25:43--  http://torproject.org/
Resolving torproject.org (torproject.org)... 95.216.163.36
Connecting to torproject.org (torproject.org)|95.216.163.36|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://www.torproject.org/ [following]
--2019-12-10 12:25:45--  https://www.torproject.org/
Resolving www.torproject.org (www.torproject.org)... 116.202.120.165
Connecting to www.torproject.org (www.torproject.org)|116.202.120.165|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 19623 (19K) [text/html]
Saving to: ‘index.html’

index.html                  100%[===========================================>]  19.16K  62.3KB/s    in 0.3s    

2019-12-10 12:25:47 (62.3 KB/s) - ‘index.html’ saved [19623/19623]

Troubleshooting[edit]

Depending on network configuration perhaps /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf need to be appended.

NON_TOR_GATEWAY="\
            127.0.0.0-127.0.0.24 \
            10.137.0.0-10.138.255.255 \
         "

NON_TOR_GATEWAY="\
            127.0.0.0-127.0.0.24 \
            10.137.0.0-10.138.255.255 \
         "

Forum Discussion[edit]

https://forums.whonix.org/t/debian-onevm-anononevm-non-self-contained-host-depending-onevm-unistation-a-tor-transparentproxy-with-only-one-machine/5470 ^[archive]

Footnotes[edit]

↑ One way or another.
↑ Required for Debian netinst "minimal" (no default system tools).
↑
The following is unreliable due to gpg connectivity bugs ^[archive].
```
sudo apt-key --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/whonix.gpg adv --keyserver hkp://ipv4.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 916B8D99C38EAF5E8ADC7A2A8D66066A2EEACCDA
```
sudo apt-key --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/whonix.gpg adv --keyserver hkp://ipv4.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 916B8D99C38EAF5E8ADC7A2A8D66066A2EEACCDA

↑ gpg is required by apt-key. gpg-agent is required due to the following error message.

sudo apt-key --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/whonix.gpg add ~/patrick.asc

gpg: failed to start agent '/usr/bin/gpg-agent': No such file or directory
gpg: can't connect to the agent: No such file or directory

↑ See Secure Downloads to understand why curl and the parameters --tlsv1.2 --proto =https are used instead of wget.

↑ apt-get-noninteractive to avoid asking this question.

Setting up anon-base-files (3:4.6-1) ...

Configuration file '/etc/machine-id'
 ==> File on system created by you or by a script.
 ==> File also in package provided by package contributor.
   What would you like to do about it ?  Your options are:
    Y or I  : install the package contributor's version
    N or O  : keep your currently-installed version
      D     : show the differences between the versions
      Z     : start a shell to examine the situation
 The default action is to keep your current version.
*** machine-id (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ? i

↑ VirtualBox: EXT_IF="enp0s3"
↑
This was required in Qubes to make Whonix-Gateways Own Traffic Transparent Proxy work. In that case, append to /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf.
```
NON_TOR_GATEWAY="\
            127.0.0.0-127.0.0.24 \
            10.137.0.0-10.138.255.255 \
         "
```
NON_TOR_GATEWAY="\ 127.0.0.0-127.0.0.24 \ 10.137.0.0-10.138.255.255 \ "
↑ DisableNetwork 0 is required to make sdwdate work because the connectivity check locks at it.

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This is a wiki. Want to improve this page? Help is welcome and volunteer contributions are happily considered! Read, understand and agree to Conditions for Contributions to Whonix ™, then Edit! Edits are held for moderation. Policy of Whonix Website and Whonix Chat and Policy On Nonfreedom Software applies.

Copyright (C) 2012 - 2021 ENCRYPTED SUPPORT LP. Whonix ™ is a trademark. Whonix ™ is a licensee ^[archive] of the Open Invention Network ^[archive]. Unless otherwise noted, the content of this page is copyrighted and licensed under the same Freedom Software license as Whonix ™ itself. (Why?)

The personal opinions of moderators or contributors to the Whonix ™ project do not represent the project as a whole.

Whonix ™ is a derivative of and not affiliated with Debian ^[archive]. Debian is a registered trademark ^[archive] owned by Software in the Public Interest, Inc ^[archive].

Whonix ™ is produced independently from the Tor® ^[archive] anonymity software and carries no guarantee from The Tor Project ^[archive] about quality, suitability or anything else.

By using our website, you acknowledge that you have read, understood and agreed to our Privacy Policy, Cookie Policy, Terms of Service, and E-Sign Consent. Whonix ™ is provided by ENCRYPTED SUPPORT LP. See Imprint, Contact.

[1] One way or another.

[2] Required for Debian netinst "minimal" (no default system tools).

[3] The following is unreliable due to gpg connectivity bugs ^[archive].

sudo apt-key --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/whonix.gpg adv --keyserver hkp://ipv4.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 916B8D99C38EAF5E8ADC7A2A8D66066A2EEACCDA

sudo apt-key --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/whonix.gpg adv --keyserver hkp://ipv4.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 916B8D99C38EAF5E8ADC7A2A8D66066A2EEACCDA

[4] gpg is required by apt-key. gpg-agent is required due to the following error message.
sudo apt-key --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/whonix.gpg add ~/patrick.asc

gpg: failed to start agent '/usr/bin/gpg-agent': No such file or directory gpg: can't connect to the agent: No such file or directory

[5] See Secure Downloads to understand why curl and the parameters --tlsv1.2 --proto =https are used instead of wget.

[6] t-get-noninteractive to avoid asking this question.
Setting up anon-base-files (3:4.6-1) ... Configuration file '/etc/machine-id' ==> File on system created by you or by a script. ==> File also in package provided by package contributor. What would you like to do about it ? Your options are: Y or I : install the package contributor's version N or O : keep your currently-installed version D : show the differences between the versions Z : start a shell to examine the situation The default action is to keep your current version. *** machine-id (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ? i

[7] VirtualBox: EXT_IF="enp0s3"

[8] This was required in Qubes to make Whonix-Gateways Own Traffic Transparent Proxy work. In that case, append to /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf.

NON_TOR_GATEWAY="\ 127.0.0.0-127.0.0.24 \ 10.137.0.0-10.138.255.255 \ "

NON_TOR_GATEWAY="\ 127.0.0.0-127.0.0.24 \ 10.137.0.0-10.138.255.255 \ "

[9] DisableNetwork 0 is required to make sdwdate work because the connectivity check locks at it.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

UniStation - A Tor TransparentProxy with only One Machine

From Whonix

(Redirected from OneVM)

Contents

Introduction[edit]

Prerequisites[edit]

Installation[edit]

Packages[edit]

Firewall Settings[edit]

Qubes[edit]

torsocks[edit]

Tor Configuration[edit]

APT[edit]

Reboot[edit]

Usage[edit]

check sdwdate[edit]

Updates[edit]

Transparent DNS Functional[edit]

Transparent DNS Functional[edit]

Troubleshooting[edit]

Forum Discussion[edit]

Footnotes[edit]